The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like example.com or example.org. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources.
DNS records are instructions that live in authoritative DNS servers and provide information about a domain including what IP address is associated with that domain and how to handle requests for that domain. These records consist of a series of text files written in what is known as DNS syntax. DNS syntax is just a string of characters used as commands that tell the DNS server what to do.
A record - The record that holds the IPv4 address of a domain.
AAAA record - The record that contains the IPv6 address for a domain.
CNAME record - Forwards one domain or subdomain to another domain.
MX record - Directs mail to an email server.
TXT record - Lets an admin store text notes in the record. These records are often used for email security.
NS record - Stores the name server for a DNS entry.
SOA record - Stores admin information about a domain.
About the types of DNS records...
For this purpose, you can use the nslookup command followed by the domain name in your Command Prompt, which you can open by pressing the Windows key and R key at the same time, typing in "cmd", and clicking Enter. So for example, to find out the IP address of google.com, you would use:nslookup google.com
The output will look similar to this:Server: 67.207.67.3
Address: 67.207.67.3#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: google.com
Address: 142.250.184.238
Name: google.com
Address: 2a00:1450:4001:82b::200e
About finding IP addresses of a domain...
A nameserver is a type of DNS server. It is the server that stores all DNS records for a domain, including A records, MX records, or CNAME records.